Method of producing decorative coarsely textured fabrics having crumpled paper yarn

ABSTRACT

A METHOD OF MAKING A DECORATIVE ARTICLE UTILIZING A COARSELY TEXTURED FABRIC HAVING CRUMPLED PAPER YARN WITH IRREGULAR AND NONUNIFORM CROSS SECTIONS BY SOAKING IN AN UNPLASTICIZED POLYMER CMPOSITION, PASSING THE FABRIC BETWEEN PRESSURE ROLLERS FOR REMOVING EXCESS COMPOSITION THEREFROM, ALLOWING THE FABRIC TO DRY AND FUSING THE POLYMER AT LEAST PARTIALLY BY THE APPLICATION OF HEAT, SOAKING THE FABRIC IN A PLASTICIZED POLYMER COMPOSITION, PASSING THE FABRIC BETWEEN PRESSURE ROLLERS TO REMOVE EXCESS COMPOSITION THEREFROM AND DRYING THE FABRIC AND FUSION OF THE POLYMER, AND THE ARTICLE PRODUCED THEREBY IN WHICH ROUNDING THE INDIVIDUAL YARN BUNDLES, THEREBY RETAINING THE TEXTURE OF THE FABRIC SURFACE, AND PROVIDING VARIOUS COLOR EFFECTS AND PATTERNS.

s. D. SNYDER 3,561,998

TEXTURED FABRICS HAVING CRUMPLED PAPER YARN Feb. 9, 1971 METHOD OFPRODUCING DECORATIVE COARSELY Filed March 29, 1967 mm 7 Wm M. NW WWW: wW w INVEN TOR STUART D. SNYDER ATTORNEY United States Patent METHOD OFPRODUCING DECORATIVE COARSE- LY TEXTURED FABRICS HAVING CRUMPLED PAPERYARN Stuart D. Snyder, 9708 Fulmer St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19115 FiledMar. 29, 1967, Ser. No. 626,763 Int. Cl. B44d 1/14; D21h 1/28 U.S. Cl.117-76 14 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of making adecorative article utilizing a coarsely textured fabric having crumpledpaper yarn with irregular and nonuniform cross sections by soaking in anunplasticized polymer composition, passing the fabric between pressurerollers for removing excess composition therefrom, allowing the fabricto dry and fusing the polymer at least partially by the application ofheat, soaking the fabric in a plasticized polymer composition, passingthe fabric between pressure rollers to remove excess compositiontherefrom, and drying the fabric and fusion of the polymer, and thearticle produced thereby in which the fabric is protected by a thintough film of vinyl surrounding the individual yarn bundles, therebyretaining the texture of the fabric surface, and providing various coloreffects and patterns.

The invention relates to a decorative fabric article and the method ofmaking same, more particularly to a woven or knit decorative articleemphasizing the texture and providing various color effects includingcolor striations and patterns.

A very limited use has been made of fabrics for decorative wallcoverings or panel overlays because of the high cost of producing suchmaterials. Thus, currently available fabrics of nylon, rayon, cotton,linen, jute, and other such synthetic and natural fibers if used asdecorative wall coverings or overlays are generally very expensiveand/or do not possess the durability required for such use. When used asa wall overlay, such fabric must also be abrasion resistant and stainresistant, as well as resisting household detergents and solvents inorder that its use be practical. To achieve such required durability theavailable decorative fabrics must be modified, thereby increasing thealready high fabric cost, making it too expensive for popularly priceddecorative products.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a new and improvedfabric article and method of making same which is highly decorative andcan be used for wall coverings, panel overlays, and other suchapplications.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved fabricarticle and method of making same which emphasizes the fabric or wovencharacter in its decorative appearance while being inexpensive tofabricate.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved fabricarticle and method of making same which is durable, abrasion resistant,stain resistant and resistant to household detergents and solvents.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved fabricarticle and method of making same which can be produced in varioustextures and colors as well as various color striations and patterns.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved fabricarticle and method of making same which will have wide application forvarious uses especially in view of its inexpensive cost for production.

In order to achieve the above objects of the invention a woven or knitfabric is used which is coarsely constructed and contains relatively fewyarns per square inch,

3,561,998 Patented Feb. 9, 1971 yet provides good coverage. The fabricused is produced from a low-cost heavy yam which provides low yield interms of yards of yarn per pound. The yarn also has a property of beingdense and difficult to wet or impregnate with polymer emulsions, bycommon means. Particularly suitable for use are inexpensive paper yarnswhich are formed by slitting broad sheets of paper into narrow ribbons,condensing the ribbons by crumpling, or crushing same into a narrowergauge and calendering this under high pressure to form a yarn. Twistingof such ribbons of paper also provides a suitable condensed yarn. Suchyarns are characterized by a fiat or oval cross-section which providesexcellent coverage with low mass when used in fabrics. The major generalrequirements for the yarn utilized in the fabric is that the yarn becoarse, inexpensive, relatively non-porous, and able to withstandprocessing temperatures for up to five minutes. It is preferable thatthe color of the yarn be either white or only slightly tinted.

In carrying out the method, the fabric is soaked in a substantiallyunplasticized polymer composition having a viscosity in the range of 10to 50 centipoises Brookfield. The wet fabric is then passed betweenpressure rollers removing excess composition, then dried and the polymerat least partially fused, after which the fabric is again soaked in aplasticized polymer composition. The wet fabric is then again passedbetween pressure rollers to remove excess composition, then dried andthe polymer completely fused. To produce a decorative panel the fabriccan be applied and adhered to the surface of a supporting structure suchas a panel board.

The decorative fabric article of the invention comprises a texturedcoarsely woven or knit fabric of crumpled paper yarn with irregular andnon-uniform cross-sections, having a base coating of an unplasticizedvinyl resin and an outer coating of plasticized vinyl resin providing athin film of vinyl surrounding the individual yarn bundles, therebyretaining the texture of the fabric surface. The base coating of thefabric includes a pulp colorant to provide the desired color for thefabric article or color striations and overtones. The decorative articlemay also be made of a textured fabric of crushed white and colored paperyarn so that it may have different color striations and multi-coloreffects. A decorative article provided by the invention also includes apanel structure to which the decorative fabric is applied to provide anexposed woven decorative surface.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention will become moreapparent as the following detailed description of the invention is readin conjunction with the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating the method of the invention,

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a textured fabric of crumpled paper yarnutilized in the method and article of the invention,

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a textured fabric of crumpled paper yarnof modified form from that shown in FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a strand of crumpled paperyarn removed from a treated fabric of the invention, such as shown inFIGS. 7 and 8,

FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the strand of crumpled paperyarn of FIG. 4 with a portion of it opened to its flat uncrumpledconfiguration,

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 66 of FIG. 5,

FIG. 7 is a perspective sectional view of a decorative article of theinvention produced by the method of the invention utilizing the fabricshown in FIG. 2,

FIG. 8 is a perspective sectional view of a decorative "ice 3 fabricarticle of the invention produced by the method of the inventionutilizing the fabric shown in FIG. 3, and

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a decorative article produced byapplying the decorative fabric of the invention to the surface of asupporting structure or panel.

Like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the severalviews.

Refer to the figures, of which FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrative ofthe method of the invention for producing a decorative fabric article.FIG. 1 illustrates the use of the method in a continuous productionprocess in which the roll 10 provides a supply of crushed or crumpledpaper fabric in a continuous sheet 12. The sheet 12 may be comprised ofa fabric 14 such as that illustrated in FIG. 2 a fabric 16 such as thatillustrated in FIG. 3 or various other forms of fabric providing acoarse texture and the other properties described in connection with thecrumpled paper fabric described herein. The sheet 12 of the fabric, bypassing over and under rollers 18, 20, 22, and 24 is immersed or soakedin a bath 26 comprising an unplasticized polymer composition which mayinclude colorants of the metallic or non-metallic types, additives toimprove fire retardance and ultraviolet ray stability, as well asprocessing aids such as wetting agents, solvents, surfactants, andanti-foaming and anti-blocking agents. A viscosity of 10 to 50centipoises Brookfield has been found to provide the required results.

The sheet 12 of fabric after being soaked is removed from the bath 26and passed between rollers 28 made of soft rubber for applying lowpressure to the fabric for removing excess composition. The sheet 12 isthen dried and polymer fused at least partially by the application ofheat from a gas-fired oven 30 which maintains a temperature below theoptimum fusion or setting temperature of the polymer.

The sheet 12 is then passed over the roller 32 and under rollers 34, 36for immersion and soaking in a second bath 38 comprising a plasticizedpolymer composition. The composition may also contain product modifiersand/or processing aids. Colorants may also be included in this bath, ifmore color or color-on-color effects are desired. The plasticizedpolymer composition has good film forming properties and serves toprovide the yarn bundles of this fabric with a tough protective coating,Delusterants, such as pyrogenic silica, can also be included in thecomposition to provide a mat finish for the fabric article.

The sheet 12 moves out of the bath 38 and between the pair of lowpressure squeeze rollers 40 which also serve to remove excesscomposition from the fabric. The

sheet 12 is then caused to move between two opposite pairs of guiderollers 42, 44 for being subjected to the heat of a gas-fired oven 46during the drying and polymer fusion step. Cutting means 48 is providedfor severing the sheet 12 into desirable lengths of the processeddecorative woven article 50.

The decorative article 50 has sufficient stiffness so that same may beformed into lampshades and other such articles without requiring abacking, or the decorative fabric article 50 may be applied to asupporting structure 53 such as a wood, plywood, gypsum board,hardboard, expanded honeycomb structure, or Wall to provide a highlydecorative outer exposed woven surface as shown in FIG. 9. The process,thus, produces a treated fabric characterized by a coarse texture,attractive construction patterns and attractive coloration with a toughdurable surface that is mar resistant, with the ability to be easilycleaned with mild detergents and cleaning solvents.

When the treated fabric article is to be applied to a supporting surfacethis may readily be achieved by a suitable adhesive, and the applicationof heat and pressure were desirable (as in the construction ofdecorative panel boards) for fusing the adhesive and resin coveredfabric.

Additional details and illustrations of the method of 4 the inventionand the decorative articles produced and their advantages are providedby the following illustrative examples:

EXAMPLE 1 For this example, a polymer composition is prepared bycombining 100.00 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride latex Polyco 2611of Borden Chemical Company and discribed in its Data Sheet 261-1063,2.51 parts by weight of antimony oxide of Harshaw Chemical Company, 0.10part by weight of Antifoam B of Dow-Corning Company, and 0.15 part byweight of pulp colorants of Sherman- Williams Paint Company.

The woven paper fabric utilized in this example is illustrated in FIG. 3and provides a warp 52 and filling 54 of white, crushed paper yarn of asize yielding 1600 yards per pound with 15 ends per inch and 12 picksper inch. The fabric 16 was immersed in the composition of bath 26 for30 seconds and then passed through the rollers 28 which arespring-loaded to exert a 10 pound pressure per square inch of fabric,for removing the excess composition. The fabric was then dried and thepolymer partially fused for three minutes with the gas-fired oven 30 setat 325 F.

The second bath 38 comprised a polymer composition prepared by combining133.5 parts by weight of preplasticized polyvinyl chloride latexcontaining an ester type plasticizer designated Polyco 2631 of BordenChemical Company and described in its Data Sheet 263-1063, 58.7 parts byweight of water, and 1.5 parts by weight of pyrogenic silica designatedCab-O-Sil by Cabot Corporation for thickening and delustering purposes.

After the drying operation performed by the heater 30, the fabric 16 isimmersed in the second composition provided by the bath 38 for thirtyseconds and passed through the rollers 40 under the same conditionsdescribed in connection with the rollers 28. The treated fabric 16 wasthen dried and fused for tfive minutes at 325 F. in the gas oven 46.

The resultant treated fabric article was characterized by attractivecolor striations running roughly parallel with the length of the fabric.As illustrated by the article 56 of FIG. 8, a hard tough film 58 ofvinyl resin surrounds the individual yarn bundles 60 as opposed topolymer fillin of the fabric valleys and crevices, thus retaining thetexture of the fabric surfaces. The treated fabric article 58 isprovided with a degree of stiffness allowing the material to be flexibleto a limited extent.

EXAMPLE 2 For this example, the process of Example 1 was repeated exceptthat the initial polymer composition contains 0.001 part by weight of awetting agent designated Triton X-l00 of Rohm & Haas Company. Theresultant treated fabric article 56 was characterized by the sameproperties exhibited by the article of Example 1 except that the articleof Example 2 has greater depth of color and less contrast between thelight and dark areas of coloration.

EXAMPLE 3 For this example, the process of Example 1 is repeated exceptthat the initial polymer composition of bath 26 comprises 10 0.0 partsby weight of polyvinyl acetate emulsion designated Polyco 505 of BordenChemical Company, 50.0 parts by weight water, 0 .07 part by weight ofTriton X of Rohm & Haas Company, and 0.10 part by weight of pulpcolorants of Sherwin-Williams Paint Company.

The resultant treated fabric article is characterized by the propertiesof the article 56 of Example 1, except that the lower viscosity of theinitial composition of bath 26 used in this example produced a moreevenly colored structure providing very low contrast between the lighterand darker portions of the yarns. The wetting agent also assisted inproducing this effect which is due to the greater penetration of thecomposition provided by its lower viscosity.

EXAMPLE 4 For the example, the process of Example 1 is repeated using afabric 16: which is woven from both white and colored crushed paperyarns.

The resultant fabric article 56 is characterized by the same propertiesproduced in Example 1, except that the color striation effects are morepronounced on the portions providing the white fabric background, whilethe darker fabric backgrounds showed the added color in the vinylcoating to a slighter degree as an overtone. This multi-color fabrictechnique can be used to advantage in producing many varied designs andcolor effects and overtones which cannot be produced with mono-coloredfabrics.

EXAMPLE 5 In this example, the process of Example 1 is again repeatedusing a fabric woven with a white spun cotton warp 62 of small relativecross-section providing ends per inch, and a white crushed paper fillingyarn 64 of 14 picks per inch as illustrated by the fabric 14 of FIG. 2.

The resultant fabric article 66 such as that shown in FIG. 7, exhibitsthe same properties as the article 56 of Example 1, and includes thetough thin coating of vinyl resin '68, but differs in the ornamentalappearance provided. Because of the greater uniformity of absorbency ofthe cotton yarn, the cotton warp is more evenly colored than the paperyarn, producing the characteristic of two-tone color striations toprovide varied color and pattern effects. Thus, by the technique ofcombining, respectively, absorbent and relatively non-absorbent yarns inthe same fabric various color pattern effects may be produced by theprocess of the invention.

EXAMPLE 6 In this example, a treated fabric article or overlay isproduced as is Example 1 above. A coating of polyvinyl acetate adhesivePolyco l40430 of Borden Chemical Company is rolled onto a surface ofhardboard panel. The treated fabric overlay is applied to the adhesivecoated hardboard. A roller is run over the combined structure to assuregood contact for bonding purposes. The resulting structure is thenplaced in a gas-fired oven set at 350 F. until the adhesive is fused.Surface rolling is also performed during the fusion, drying and coolingperiods in the production of the ornamental board structure. Theresultant structure is a rigid self-supporting panel with a tough,attractively textured and colored exposed outer surface.

EXAMPLE 7 In this example, the process of Example 6- is repeated usingplywood, particleboard, gypsum wallboard, or utility fiber board as asupporting body for the treated fabric overlay. This results inproducing respective structures having the same tough, attractiveoverlay bonded to the substrate body.

EXAMPLE 8 In this example, a treated fabric overlay was produced inaccordance with Example 1. A rubber latex based contact adhesive wasroller-applied to the undersurface of the treated fabric. The sameadhesive was also rollerapplied to the top surface of a piece ofexpanded-paper honeycomb. After the elapse of sufficient time for theadhesive to become tacky, the treated fabric was pressed onto theadhesive-coated honeycomb surface and roller for obtained good contact.The resultant structure was characterized by the same propertiesexhibited by the structure produced in Example 6.

EXAMPLE 9 In this example, the process of Example 1 is employed exceptthat the initial polymer composition of bath 26 contains 100.0 parts byweight of acrylic emulsion designated Polyco 2719 of Borden ChemicalCompany, 2.5 parts by weight of antimony oxide of Harshaw ChemicalCompany pasted with 7.7 parts by weight of warm water, 0.4 part byweight of pulp colorants. 0.03 part by weight of Triton X-100 of Rohm &Haas, and 0.03 part by weight of Antifoam B of :Dow-Corning ChemicalCompany.

The resultant treated-fabric article was characterized by the sameproperties as provided by the article produced by Example 1 above,demonstrating that acrylic emulsions can be used in the method of theinvention for producing the invented articles.

EXAMPLE 10 In this example, the process of Example 1 is utilized, exceptthat the initial polymer composition of bath 26 contains 100.0 parts byweight of polyvinyl chloride latex designated Polyco 2611 of BordenChemical Company, 2.5 parts by weight of antimony oxide of HarshawChemical Company pasted with 5.0 parts of water, 0.06 part by weight ofpulp colorants, 0.03 part by Weight of Triton X-100 of Rohm & HaasCompany, 0.04 part of Antifoam B of Dow-Corning Chemical Company, and10.0 parts by weight of Cellosolve solvent of Union Carbide ChemicalCompany.

The resultant fabric article is characterized by the same propertiesprovided by the article produced by EX- ample 1 above, except that thecoloration of the present article produced is slightly darker and moreeven, providing less contrast between light and dark colored areas thanobtained with polymer compositions which are devoid of solvents. Thepolymer pick-up was significantly greater when the solvent was used,that is 61% polymer pick-up in the presence of the solvent compared to44% polymer pick-up in the absence of the solvent. This exampletherefore illustrates the use of commercial solvents by the inventionfor aiding the penetration of the polymer composition into the yarnbundles.

From the above examples, it is noted that various color effects andstriations are obtained by controlling the composition of the baths usedby the method of the invention. For the purpose of determining themanner in which the process provided various color effects as described,an analysis was made of the products produced by the invention. For thispurpose, a single strand of crushed paper yarn 70 such as shown in FIG.4 was removed from a textured fabric article produced in accordance withthe described method of the invention, such as the fabric article 56 ofExample 1. The strand of yarn was carefully unfolded to its fully openflat configuration as shown as 72 in FIG. 5. The surface of the unfoldedpaper was then examined under proper magnification. It was found thatmost of the colorant was on the surface of the paper with a relativelysmall amount lmpregnated into the paper web. The impregnated portionswere in the minority and appeared to give the paper a translucency inthose regions of penetration with a minimum of coloration.

Therefore it appears that the uneven coloration or streaking of thefabric article is the result primarily of a build-up of the colorants asa coating on the paper surfaces. The composition finds its way into thefolds 74 shown in FIG. 6 of the paper yarn 70 when it forms a deposlt orcoatings 76 on the internal surfaces 78. A great portion of thecolorants, of course, is deposited on the outer surfaces 80 of the yarn70. As previously noted the degree of impregnation by the composition isminimal and does not contribute to the coloration of the yarn 70 to anygreat extent. Darker streaks appear to be caused by portions of thefolded paper yarn 70* having consecutive layers of paper with build-upof colorants on the outer surfaces 80 reinforced by build-up ofcolorants on the inner surfaces 78. Thus the portions of the yarn whichhave greater inner and outer surface build-ups of colorants provide themore heavily colored area.

Lighter streaks, on the other hand, are apparently caused by theportions of the yarn 70 having little or no coloration or buildup ofcolorants on the surfaces of the consecutive layers of paper. Suchreduced build-up at particular locations is believed to be due togreater yarn density at such locations preventing penetration into thefolds of the paper web structure. The lighter portions also appear wheretwo yarns of the fabric are in close proximity to each other apparentlypreventing the composition from finding its way through the dense areasbetween the yarns.

Lighter regions of color were also found at high points of the surfaceof certain fabrics such as those that are thick and provide relativelyhigh points and deep valleys in their structures. The resultingcoloration effect is caused by the squeezing of the fabric subsequent toits soaking in the colored composition baths. The squeeze rolls have theeffect of removing more of the composition from the high portionsbecause of the greater pressure exerted at these points, while morecomposition is permitted to be retained in the lower regions.

It is noted that the method of the invention and the articles producedthereby provide decorative fabrics and articles of a woven or knittednature providing a fabric texture which is highly ornamental and findvarious uses by application of the treated fabric to a supportingstructure, and without such application. A great advantage of theinvention is the production of such textured decorative articles at lowcost, making same available for new applications where the costpreviously would have prohibited such use.

It will, of course, be understood that the descriptions and drawings,herein contained, are illustrative only, and that various modificationsand changes may be made in the methods, and the articles producedthereby, which have been disclosed herein without departing from thespirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of producing decorative coarsely textured fabricscomprising the following sequential steps of:

(a) utilizing a coarsely textured woven or knit fabric having crumpledpaper yarn which is dense providing resistance to penetration andprovided with irregular and non-uniform cross-sections providingvariations in penetrability by polymer compositions,

(b) soaking said fabric in a composition consisting essentially ofsubstantially unplasticized vinyl or acrylic polymer dispersion having aviscosity in the range of to 50 centipoises,

(c) passing said fabric between pressure rollers for removing excesscomposition therefrom,

(d) allowing said fabric to dry with at least partial polymer fusion,

(e) soaking said fabric in a composition consisting essentially of aplasticized vinyl or acrylic polymer dispersion,

(f) passing said fabric between pressure rollers to remove excesscomposition therefrom, and

(g) drying said fabric and fusing said polymer, whereby a coarselytextured woven or knit fabric of crumpled paper yarn with irregular andnon-uniform crosssection is produced having a base coating of anunplasticized polymer and an outer coating of plasticized polymerproviding a thin film of resin surrounding the individual yarn bundlethereby retaining the texture of the fabric surface.

2. The method of claim 1 in Which the composition used in at least oneof the steps (b) and (e) includes a polyvinyl chloride latex, polyvinylacetate emulsion or a polyacrylic emulsion or mixtures thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 in which at least one of the compositions ofsteps (b) and (e) includes a colorant.

4. The method of claim 3 in which the compositions of 8 steps (b) and(e) include a wetting agent, a solvent, and anti-blocking and anti-foamagents.

5. The method of claim 1 in which the fabric of step (a) has a whitecrushed paper yarn, and the polymer composition of step (b) is anaqueous composition prepared by combining parts by weight of polyvinylchloride latex, and colorants, and the polymer composition of step (e)is an aqueous composition prepared by combining 100 parts by weight ofpreplasticized polyvinyl chloride latex, and 45 parts by weight ofwater.

6. The method of claim 5 in which the polymer composition of step (b)includes .15 part by weight of pulp colorants, whereby the resultantfabric is characterized by attractive color striations running parallelwith the yarn of the fabric and is protected by a thin tough film ofvinyl surrounding the individual yarn bundles, thereby retaining thetexture of the fabric surface.

7. The method of claim 6 in which the polymer composition of step (b)includes .001 part by weight of a wetting agent, whereby the resultantfabric is characterized by an increased depth of color and reducedcontrast between light and dark areas.

8. The method of claim 5 in which said fabric is soaked in said polymercomposition of step (b) for 30 seconds, a pressure of approximately 10pounds per square inch is exerted on said fabric during step (c), thefabric is partially dried during step (d) by an oven set atapproximately 325 F., the fabric is soaked in the composition of step(e) for 30 seconds, a pressure of approximately 10 pounds per squareinch is exerted on said fabric during step (f), and said fabric is driedand fused during step (g) by being subjected for five minutes to theheat of an oven set at approximately 325 F.

9. The method of claim 8 in which the fabric of step (a) has a warpandfilling of white crushed paper yarn yielding approximately 1600 yardsper pound and providing approximately 15 ends per inch and 12 picks perinch.

10. The method of claim 9 in which the fabric of step (a) is woven fromcrushed white and colored paper yarns, whereby the resultant fabric hascolor striations which are more pronounced on the white yams of thefabric while the colored yarn of the fabric shows the coating color onlyslightly as an overtone, thereby providing multi-color effects andpatterns.

11. The method of claim 8 in which the fabric of step (a) has a warp ofwhite spun cotton yarn with approximately 15 ends per inch and a whitecrushed paper yarn filling of approximately 15 picks per inch, wherebythe cotton yarn is more evenly colored than the paper yarn because ofthe greater uniformity of the absorbency of the cotton yarn producingthe characteristic of two tone color striations to provide varied colorand pattern effects.

12. The method of claim 1 in which the fabric of step (a) has a warp andfilling of white crushed paper yarn yielding approximately 1600 yardsper pound and provides approximately 15 ends per inch and 12 picks perinch, the polymer composition of step (b) is prepared by combining100.00 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetate emulsion, 50 parts by weightof water, .07 part by weight of a wetting agent, and 0.10 part by weightof pulp colorants, whereby the resultant fabric is characterized by anevenly colored structure due to the low viscosity of the latexcomposition and the effect of the wetting agent in step (b).

13. The method of claim 1 in which the fabric of step (a) has a fillingof white crushed paper yarn, and the polymer composition of step (b) isprepared by combining 100 parts by weight of acrylic emulsion, 0.4 partby weight of pulp colorants, and 0.03 part by weight of an antifoamingagent.

14. The method of claim 1 in which the fabric of step (a) has a fillingof white crushed paper yarn, and the polymer composition of step (b) isprepared by combining 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride latex,2.5 parts by weight of antimony oxide pasted by 5.0 parts by weight 9 ofwarm water, 0.06 part by weight of pulp colorants, 0.03 part by weightof a wetting agent, 0.04 part by Weight of an antifoaming agent, and10.0 parts by Weight of a solvent.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 36,484 9/1862 Robinson 161712,626,873 1/1953 Allen 117102(L)X 2,750,652 6/1956 Petroske 16171X 103,023,482 3/1962 Gilboy et al. 1l776(T)X 3,065,096 11/1962 Marsden eta1. 117-76(T)X 3,066,043 ll/l962 Hechtman et al. 11776(P)X WILLIAM D.MARTIN, Primary Examiner R. HUSACK, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

